{"id":527,"date":"2024-10-10T07:36:01","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T07:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sportotto.com\/?p=527"},"modified":"2024-10-10T07:36:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T07:36:02","slug":"bosman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sportotto.com\/sv\/fotboll\/bosman\/","title":{"rendered":"Bosman"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bosman<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\"bosman<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vad \u00e4r bosmandomen?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r snart 30 \u00e5r sedan, 1995, d\u00f6mde Europeiska Unionens domstol EG (numera EU-domstolen) i ett fall som kom att v\u00e4nda upp och ner p\u00e5 en hel fotbollsv\u00e4rld. Fram till dess ans\u00e5gs en fotbollsspelare fortfarande tillh\u00f6ra den senaste klubben som denne hade ett kontrakt med, \u00e4ven om kontraktstiden hade runnit ut. Det som 1995 klubbades igenom var den s\u00e5 kallade Bosmandomen, ett r\u00e4ttsfall som innebar att fotbollsspelare vars kontrakt med sin nuvarande klubb hade l\u00f6pt ut h\u00e4danefter kunde skriva p\u00e5 f\u00f6r en annan klubb utan att den nya klubben beh\u00f6vde ers\u00e4tta den tidigare klubben ekonomiskt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vem var Jean-Marc Bosman? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Historien tar sin b\u00f6rjan i RFC Li\u00e8ge, en belgisk andradivisionsklubb, \u00e5r 1990. Mittf\u00e4ltaren Jean-Marc Bosman hade \u00e5r 1988 skrivit p\u00e5 ett 2-\u00e5rskontrakt med klubben som nu var p\u00e5 v\u00e4g att n\u00e5 sitt slut. Spelaren erbj\u00f6ds en f\u00f6rl\u00e4ngning men med en rej\u00e4l l\u00f6nes\u00e4nkning vilket ledde till att Bosman b\u00f6rjade se sig om efter en ny klubbadress. En klubb i den franska andradivisionen vid namn Dunkerque var beredd att matcha Bosmans l\u00f6nekrav men n\u00e4r RFC Li\u00e8ge kr\u00e4vde en \u00f6verg\u00e5ngssumma som var fyra g\u00e5nger s\u00e5 h\u00f6g som vad de sj\u00e4lva betalat f\u00f6r spelaren n\u00e5gra \u00e5r tidigare kunde den franska klubben inte finansiera aff\u00e4ren. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bosman hamnade allts\u00e5 i en situation d\u00e4r han inte hade ett aktivt kontrakt med sin tidigare klubb men d\u00e4r inte heller n\u00e5gon annan klubb kunde v\u00e4rva honom p\u00e5 grund av den h\u00f6ga \u00f6verg\u00e5ngssumman som kr\u00e4vdes. Med hj\u00e4lp av sin advokat Luc Misson tog Bosman strid mot FIFA:s regelverk och h\u00e4vdade att han hade samma r\u00e4ttigheter som vilken arbetstagare som helst. EU-domstolen tog upp \u00e4rendet och efter en juridisk process som p\u00e5gick i 5 \u00e5r slogs det fast att en spelare har r\u00e4tt att samtala med samt skriva p\u00e5 f\u00f6r andra klubbar n\u00e4r dennes kontrakt har l\u00f6pt ut. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad innebar Bosmandomen f\u00f6r fotbollen? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Detta f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrade maktbalansen inom fotbollen d\u00e5 spelarna helt pl\u00f6tsligt kunde beg\u00e4ra h\u00f6gre l\u00f6ner f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rl\u00e4nga sina avtal med hotet om att de annars skulle l\u00e4mna gratis n\u00e4r avtalet gick ut. Det hade framf\u00f6rallt en stor finansiell p\u00e5verkan p\u00e5 mindre klubbar d\u00e4r klubbens b\u00e4sta spelare helt enkelt kunde v\u00e4nta ut sitt kontrakt i hopp om att en st\u00f6rre klubb skulle v\u00e4rva honom gratis och d\u00e4rigenom minska den k\u00f6pande klubbens ekonomiska risk i aff\u00e4ren. Spelaren hade p\u00e5 grund av detta ocks\u00e5 ett b\u00e4ttre f\u00f6rhandlingsl\u00e4ge gentemot sin nya klubb f\u00f6r att kunna erh\u00e5lla en h\u00f6gre l\u00f6n eller en h\u00f6g sign-on bonus. M\u00e5nga menar ocks\u00e5 d\u00e4rf\u00f6r att domen var starten p\u00e5 den pengamaskin som fotbollen idag har blivit med kraftigt stigande spelarl\u00f6ner, h\u00f6ga \u00f6verg\u00e5ngssummor och \u00f6kandet av agenter som livn\u00e4r sig p\u00e5 olika s\u00e4tt genom spelarf\u00f6rs\u00e4ljningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Domen p\u00e5verkade \u00e4ven skrivningen av den s\u00e5 kallade \u201c3+2 foreign players rule\u201d som UEFA (det europeiska fotbollsf\u00f6rbundet) till\u00e4mpade. Regeln hade tidigare inneburit att en klubb endast fick registrera 3 utl\u00e4ndska spelare samt 2 assimilerade spelare, allts\u00e5 spelare som hade spenderat ett visst antal \u00e5r i landet, n\u00e5got som domstolen menade stred mot EU:s lag om fri r\u00f6rlighet f\u00f6r arbetstagare mellan sina medlemsl\u00e4nder. P\u00e5 sikt kom denna regelf\u00f6r\u00e4ndring att leda till att Europas storklubbar kunde v\u00e4rva in fler av v\u00e4rldens b\u00e4sta spelare utan risk f\u00f6r att ha f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga utl\u00e4ndska spelare i truppen. Detta kom i sin tur att ha en positiv p\u00e5verkan p\u00e5 handeln av europeiska spelare mellan ligorna. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vidare ledde domen ocks\u00e5 till att reglerna kring den kontraktsl\u00f6sa spelarens m\u00f6jlighet att byta klubb f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrades. Tidigare kunde en spelare endast signera kontrakt med en ny klubb under den tid d\u00e5 transferf\u00f6nstret var \u00f6ppet men det nya reglementet innebar ist\u00e4llet att den s\u00e5 kallade \u201cfria agenten\u201d kunde signera avtal med valfri klubb \u00e4ven om detta inte n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigtvis innebar att klubben hade r\u00e4tt att registrera den nya spelaren f\u00f6r vare sig liga-eller cupspel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad g\u00f6r Jean-Pierre Bosman idag? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jean-Pierre Bosmans fotbollskarri\u00e4r fick ett abrupt slut till f\u00f6ljd av den p\u00e5g\u00e5ende r\u00e4ttsprocessen d\u00e5 ingen klubb tordes ta i honom och n\u00e4r domen till slut f\u00f6ll hade Bosman hunnit fylla 31 \u00e5r. Han ins\u00e5g snabbt att karri\u00e4ren var \u00f6ver men fick ist\u00e4llet ett skadest\u00e5nd p\u00e5 hela 8 miljoner kronor (motsvarar idag 13 miljoner kronor justerat f\u00f6r inflation) som han planerade att investera f\u00f6r att kunna f\u00f6rs\u00f6rja sig fram\u00f6ver. Han inf\u00f6rskaffade sig 2 hus med tanken att hyra ut det ena, en ny bil samt investerade stora pengar i sitt egna kl\u00e4dm\u00e4rke som skulle fokusera p\u00e5 t shirt-f\u00f6rs\u00e4ljning. N\u00e4r f\u00f6rs\u00e4ljningen av t-shirts inte tog fart och den belgiska skattemyndigheten n\u00e5gra \u00e5r senare d\u00f6mde honom f\u00f6r skattebrott tvingades han s\u00e4lja av sina tillg\u00e5ngar i hopp om att kunna betala sina skulder. Han kom efter detta s\u00f6ka bidrag f\u00f6r att ha r\u00e5d med vardagen d\u00e5 hela skadest\u00e5ndet nu hade tagit slut. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bosman utvecklade ett kraftigt alkoholmissbruk och n\u00e4r hans d\u00e5varande flickv\u00e4ns dotter konfronterade honom om detta blev han v\u00e5ldsam mot b\u00e5da tv\u00e5. R\u00e4tten ans\u00e5g honom vara skyldig till misshandel och straffet d\u00f6mdes till 1 \u00e5rs f\u00e4ngelse, n\u00e5got som dock kom att f\u00f6rmildras till 40 timmars samh\u00e4llstj\u00e4nst. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e4nda Bosman-\u00f6verg\u00e5ngar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Sol Campbell – Tottenham Hotspur till Arsenal, 2001<\/strong>
    <\/strong>Kanske en av de mest infekterade \u00f6verg\u00e5ngarna n\u00e5gonsin n\u00e4r Spurs-kaptenen Sol Campbell l\u00e4mnade gratis f\u00f6r Arsene Wengers Arsenal. Till r\u00e5ga p\u00e5 allt lyckades Gunners dessutom s\u00e4kra ligatiteln kommande s\u00e4song p\u00e5 just Tottenhams hemmaarena.
    <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Andrea Pirlo – AC Milan till Juventus, 2011<\/strong>
    <\/strong>Vid 31-\u00e5rs \u00e5lder ans\u00e5g Milan att Andrea Pirlo var p\u00e5 nedg\u00e5ng och l\u00e4t honom d\u00e4rf\u00f6r l\u00e4mna gratis f\u00f6r ligakonkurrenten Juventus. V\u00e4l d\u00e4r vann Pirlo 4 raka ligatitlar innan han valde att forts\u00e4tta karri\u00e4ren i USA.
    <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Lionel Messi – Barcelona till Paris Saint-Germain, 2020<\/strong>
    <\/strong>Efter flera \u00e5r av ekonomiska problem lyckades inte Barcelona beh\u00e5lla Lionel Messi trots att b\u00e5de klubben och spelaren sades vilja teckna ett nytt kontrakt. Ist\u00e4llet blev det ett t\u00e5rfyllt farv\u00e4l fr\u00e5n klubbens st\u00f6rsta spelare n\u00e5gonsin d\u00e5 han l\u00e4mnade f\u00f6r PSG i augusti 2020.
    <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Zlatan Ibrahimovic – Paris Saint-Germain till Manchester United, 2016<\/strong>
    <\/strong>Efter att ha spenderat 4 \u00e5r i den franska huvudstadsklubben \u00e5terf\u00f6renades Zlatan med sin tidigare tr\u00e4nare Jos\u00e9 Mourinho i Manchester United. I sin f\u00f6rsta s\u00e4song i klubben lyckades han g\u00f6ra 17 m\u00e5l p\u00e5 28 Premier League-matcher samt vinna b\u00e5de Community Shield och Europa League.
    <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Kylian Mbappe – Paris Saint-Germain till Real Madrid, 2024<\/strong>
    <\/strong>En av 2024-\u00e5rs mest omtalade transfers utspelade sig n\u00e4r Mbappe l\u00e4mnade det PSG som han tillh\u00f6rt fr\u00e5n 18-\u00e5rs \u00e5lder f\u00f6r regerande Champions League-m\u00e4starna Real Madrid. Det \u00e5terst\u00e5r att se hur hans tid i Madrid utspelar sig.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bosman Vad \u00e4r bosmandomen? F\u00f6r snart 30 \u00e5r sedan, 1995, d\u00f6mde Europeiska Unionens domstol EG (numera EU-domstolen) i ett fall…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":528,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fotboll"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVad \u00e4r Bosmandomen?- Hur domen f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrade fotbollens transfersystem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bosmandomen 1995 gav spelare frihet att byta klubb gratis efter utg\u00e5ende kontrakt \u2013 en avg\u00f6rande v\u00e4ndning f\u00f6r fotboll.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sportotto.com\/sv\/fotboll\/bosman\/\" \/>\n<meta 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